National Publications
The following publications used ISAAC data from Spain:
- Aguinaga Ontoso I, Arnedo Peña A, Bellido J, Guillén-Grima F, Morales Suárez-Varela MM. The prevalence of asthma-related symptoms in 13-14-year-old children from 9 Spanish populations. The Spanish Group of the ISAAC Study (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood).[Spanish]. Med Clin (Barc) 1999; 112(5): 171-5.(published erratum appears in Med Clin (Barc) 1999; 112(13):494).
- Anonymous. Prevalence of symptoms suggestive of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in adolescents (Spanish ISAAC Study Group).[Spanish]. An Esp Pediatr.1999; 51(4): 369-76.
- Arnedo Peña A, García-Marcos L, Blanco-Quirós A, Martínez Gimeno A, Aguinaga Ontoso I, González Díaz C, Díaz Vazquez C, Busquets-Monge R, Morales Suárez-Varela MM, Batllés-Garrido J, López-Silvarrey Varela A, García de Andoin N. [Time trends in prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinitis in 13-14 year-old schoolchildren in 8 areas of Spain between 1993-1994 and 2001-2002 according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)].[Spanish]. Med Clin (Barc) 2004; 123(13): 490-5.
- García-Marcos L, Quirós AB, Hernández GG, et al. Stabilization of asthma prevalence among adolescents and increase among schoolchildren (ISAAC phases I and III) in Spain. Allergy 2004; 59(12):1301-1307.
- Arnedo Peña A, García-Marcos L, García HG, et al. Time trends and geographical variations in the prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinitis in 6-7-year-old children from eight areas of Spain according to the ISAAC.[article in spanish]. An Pediatr (Barc ) 2005; 62(3):229-236.
- García-Marcos L, Castro-Rodríguez JA, Morales Suárez-Varela MM, Batlles Garrido J, Hernandez GG, Gimeno AM, González AL, Ruíz TR, Torres AM. A different pattern of risk factors for atopic and non-atopic wheezing in 9-12-year-old children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16(6):471-477.
- García-Marcos L, Morales Suárez-Varela MM, Canflanca IM, et al. BCG immunization at birth and atopic diseases in a homogeneous population of Spanish schoolchildren. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005; 137(4):303-309.
- Carvajal-Urueña I, García-Marcos L, Busquets-Monge R, Morales Suárez-Varela MM, García de Andoin N, Batllés-Garrido J, Blanco-Quirós A, López-Silvarrey A, García-Hernández G, Guillén-Grima F, González Díaz C, Bellido-Blasco J. Geographic variation in the prevalence of asthma symptoms in Spanish children and adolescents.International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase 3, Spain. Arch Bronconeumol.2005 Dec;41(12):659-66.
- García-Marcos L, Canflanca IM, Garrido JB, et al. Relationship of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis with obesity, exercise and Mediterranean diet in Spanish schoolchildren. Thorax 2007; 62(6):503-508.
- García-Marcos L, Garcia-Hernández G, Morales Suárez-Varela MM, Batlles Garrido J, Castro-Rodríguez JA. Asthma attributable to atopy: does it depend on the allergen supply? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2007; 18(3):181-187.
- García-Marcos L, Sánchez-Solis M, Martínez-Torres AE, et al. Phadiatop compared to skin-prick test as a tool for diagnosing atopy in epidemiological studies in schoolchildren. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2007; 18(3):240-244.
- Morales Suárez-Varela MM, García-Marcos AL, González DC, et al. Prevalence of atopic eczema and nutritional factors in 6-7 year old children.[article in spanish]. Aten Primaria 2007; 39(7):355-360.
- Morales Suárez-Varela MM, García-Marcos L, Kogan MD, Llopis González A, Martínez Gimeno A, Aguinaga Ontoso I, González Díaz C, Arnedo Peña A, Domínguez Aurrecoechea B, Busquets Monge RM, Blanco Quirós A, Batllés-Garrido J, Miner Canflanca I, López-Silvarrey Varela A, Gimeno Clemente N. Parents' smoking habit and prevalence of atopic eczema in 6-7 and 13-14 year-old schoolchildren in Spain.ISAAC Phase III. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2008 Nov;36(6):336-342.
- Morales Suárez-Varela MM, García-Marcos Alvarez L, Kogan MD, González AL, Gimeno AM, Ontoso IA, Díaz CG, Arnedo Peña A, Aurrecoechea BD, Monge RM, Quirós AB, Garrido JB, Canflanca IM, López-Silvarrey Varela A. Climate and prevalence of atopic eczema in 6- to 7-year-old school children in Spain.ISAAC phase III. Int J Biometeorol.2008 Nov;52(8):833-40.Epub 2008 Sep 9.
- García-Marcos L, Arnedo Peña A, Busquets-Monge R, Morales Suárez-Varela MM, García de Andoin N, Batllés-Garrido J, Blanco-Quirós A, López-Silvarrey Varela A, García-Hernández G, Aguinaga-Ontoso I, González Díaz C, García-Merino A. How the presence of rhinoconjunctivitis and the severity of asthma modify the relationship between obesity and asthma in children 6-7 years old. Clin Exp Allergy.2008 Jul;38(7):1174-8.Epub 2008 May 6.
- García-Marcos L, Batllés-Garrido J, Blanco-Quirós A, García-Hernández G, Guillén-Grima F, González Díaz C, García-Merino A, Arnedo Peña A, Busquets-Monge RM, Morales Suárez-Varela MM, López-Silvarrey-Varela A, García-Andoin N. Influence of two different geo-climatic zones on the prevalence and time trends of asthma symptoms among Spanish adolescents and schoolchildren. Int J Biometeorol.2009 Jan;53(1):53-60.Epub 2008 Oct 30.
- Arnedo Peña A, García-Marcos L, Carvajal Urueña I, Busquets Monge R, Morales Suárez-Varela MM, Miner Canflanca I, Batllés-Garrido J, Blanco Quirós A, López-Silvarrey Varela A, García Hernández G, Aguinaga Ontoso I, González Díaz C. Air Pollution and Recent Symptoms of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Eczema in Schoolchildren Aged Between 6 and 7 Years.[Article in Spanish]. Arch.Bronconeumol.2009;45(5):224-9.Epub Feb 2009.
- García-Marcos L, González-Díaz C, Garvajal-Urueña I, Pac-Sa MR, Busquets-Monge RM, Suárez-Varela MM, Batlles-Garrido J, Blanco-Quirós A, Varela Á L-S, García-Hernández G, Aguinaga-Ontoso I. Early exposure to paracetamol or to antibiotics and eczema at school age: modification by asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010; 21(7): 1036-1042. Epub 28 Jun
- Morales Suárez-Varela M, García-Marcos L, Kogan MD, Costa Ferreira J, Martínez Gimeno A, Aguinaga Ontoso I, González Díaz C, Arnedo Pena A, Domínguez Aurrecoechea B, Busquets Monge RM, Blanco Quiros A, Batlles Garrido J, García de Andoain N, López-Silvarrey Varela Á, García Merino A, Gimeno Clemente N, Llopis González A. Diet and Prevalence of Atopic Eczema in 6 to 7-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Spain: ISAAC Phase III. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20(6): 469-475
- Arnedo-Pena A, García-Marcos L, Fernández-Espinar JF, Bercedo-Sanz A, Aguinaga-Ontoso I, González-Díaz C, Carvajal-Urueña I, Busquet-Monge R, Suárez-Varela MM, de Andoín NG, Batlles-Garrido J, Blanco-Quirós A, López-Silvarrey Varela A, García-Hernández G. Sunny hours and variations in the prevalence of asthma in schoolchildren according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies (ISAAC) Phase III in Spain. Int J Biometeorol 2011; 55(3): 423-434
- Vicedo-Cabrera A, García-Marcos L, Llopis-González A, López-Silvarrey-Varela A, Miner-Canflanca I, Batlles-Garrido J, Blanco-Quiros A, María Busquets-Monge R, Díaz-Vazquez C, González-Díaz C, Martínez-Gimeno A, Morales-Suárez-Varela M. Atopic dermatitis and indoor use of energy sources in cooking and heating appliances. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:890 epub 22 Oct.
- Weinmayr G, Keller F, Kleiner A, du Prel JB, García-Marcos L, Batllés-Garrido J, Garcia-Hernandez G, Suarez-Varela MM, Strachan DP, Nagel G. Asthma phenotypes identified by latent class analysis in the ISAAC phase II Spain study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013;43(2):223-32.
- Morales Suárez-Varela M, García-Marcos L, Fernández-Espinar JF, Bercedo-Sanz A, Aguinaga- Ontoso I, González-Díaz C, Carvajal-Urueña I, Busquet-Monge RM, Arnedo-Pena A, García de Andoin N, Batlles-Garrido J, Blanco-Quirós A, López-Silvarrey Varela Á, García-Hernández G, Gimeno-Clemente N, Rubio-López N, Llopis- González A. Is Acetaminophen Use Associated with Atopic Eczema and Other Allergic Diseases in Adolescents? Iran J All Asthma Immunol 2013; 12(2):115-123.
Spain, Western Europe
| Centres: | Phase: | PI: | Age Groups |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barcelona | 1 | Dr Rosa M Busquets | 13-14 |
| Bilbao | 1 | Dr Alfonso Delgado Rubio | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Cádiz | 1 | Dr Andrés Rabadán Asensio | 13-14 |
| Cartagena | 1 | Professor Luis García-Marcos | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Castellón | 1 | Dr Alberto Arnedo-Pena | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Madrid | 1 | Dr Gloria García-Hernández | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Pamplona | 1 | Professor Francisco Guillén-Grima | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Valencia | 1 | Professor Maria M. Morales-Suárez-Varela | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Valladolid | 1 | Professor Alfredo Blanco-Quirós | 13-14 |
| Almeria | 2 | Dr José Batlles-Garrido | 10-11 years |
| Cartagena | 2 | Professor Luis García-Marcos | 10-11 years |
| Madrid | 2 | Dr Gloria García-Hernández | 10-11 |
| Valencia | 2 | Professor Maria M. Morales-Suárez-Varela | 10-11 years |
| A Coruña | 3 | Dr Angel López-Silvarrey Varela | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Almeria | 3 | Dr José Batlles-Garrido | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Asturias | 3 | Dr Ignacio Carvajal-Urueña | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Barcelona | 3 | Dr Rosa M Busquets | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Bilbao | 3 | Dr Carlos González Díaz | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Cartagena | 3 | Professor Luis García-Marcos | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Castellón | 3 | Dr Alberto Arnedo-Pena | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Madrid | 3 | Dr Gloria García-Hernández | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Pamplona | 3 | Professor Francisco Guillén-Grima | 13-14, 6-7 |
| San Sebastián | 3 | Professor Eduardo G Pérez-Yarza | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Valencia | 3 | Professor Maria M. Morales-Suárez-Varela | 13-14, 6-7 |
| Valladolid | 3 | Professor Alfredo Blanco-Quirós | 13-14 |
National Coordinator:
Roles:
- ISAAC Executive
- ISAAC Steering Committee
- National Coordinator for Spain
- Phase One Principal Investigator for Cartagena
- Phase Two Principal Investigator for Cartagena
- Phase Three Principal Investigator for Cartagena
Professor Luis García-Marcos
Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Units
'Virgen de la Arrixaca' University Children's Hospital
University of Murcia
Pabellón Docente HUVA, Campus Ciencias de la Salud
Spain
The ISAAC story in Spain
The story of ISAAC in Spain is quite intermingled with that of the centre in Cartagena. As told in more detail in the story of that centre, ISAAC started in Spain after a meeting held in Madrid in March 1993 with researchers coming from different parts of the country. Prof. Weiland, coordinator for Western Europe, and Prof. Pearce from the ISAAC Executive Committee -at that time at the University of Paris- attended to the meeting. Except for one, all attendees were starting Phase One some months after the meeting. It must be said that launching and coordinating of ISAAC in Spain was in great part possible by the interest of a person working for Glaxo at that time: Mr Claudio Jansen.
Phase One
Nine centres from all over Spain started ISAAC Phase One some time between autumn 1993 and spring 1994. Madrid was included in 1996. Most centres included children of the two age groups. ISAAC allowed having a very accurate picture of the prevalence of allergic diseases among children and adolescents in Spain for the first time. Spanish contributors were proud to offer ISAAC one of the most numerous populations within one country in this phase. The first shocking finding was that the prevalence of asthma on the coastal centres was higher than those on the central plateau.
Phase Two.
Spain was the only country to include four centres in this phase: Almería, Cartagena, Madrid and Valencia. The study was not easy as it took some time and effort to train all fieldworkers according to the workshops held in Munster which was the coordinating and data centre for this phase. All four centres chose the 100 wheezers plus 100 non-wheezers option in the bronchial challenge test and only Cartagena provided with house dust samples. Although a very effortful and time consuming phase, it has given much information about the risk factors of asthma and allergies, as well as many international publications.
Phase Three.
Most centres included in Phase One also performed Phase Three, thus providing with data on the change of the prevalence of allergic diseases in children in the country. Moreover, most centres included children from the two age-groups. All in all, 11 centres participated in this phase, many of which took advantage of the automatic scanning of questionnaires implemented in Cartagena. Apart from information about the change of prevalence, phase three has also provided with information about risk or protective factors with special interest in Spain such as, relative humidity, sunny hours, pollution, Mediterranean diet or paracetamol.
Madrid, Spain
Team and P.I. La Coruña, Spain